0 Gathering Data from Networks: Sniffers

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A sniffer is a packet-capturing or frame-capturing tool. It basically captures and displays the data as it is being transmitted from host to host on the network. Generally a sniffer intercepts traffic on the network and displays it in either a command-line or GUI format for a hacker to view. Most sniffers display both the Layer 2 (frame) or Layer 3 (packet) headers and the data payload. Some sophisticated sniffers interpret the packets and can reassemble the packet stream into the original data, such as an email or a document. Sniffers are used to capture traffic sent between two systems, but they can also provide a lot of other information. Depending on how the sniffer is used and the security measures in place, a hacker can use a sniffer to discover usernames, passwords, and other confidential information transmitted on the network. Several hacking attacks and various hacking tools require the use of a sniffer to obtain important information sent from the target system. This chapter will describe how sniffers work and identify the most common sniffer hacking tools.